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  2. Density of states - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_of_states

    The density of states related to volume V and N countable energy levels is defined as: = = (()). Because the smallest allowed change of momentum for a particle in a box of dimension and length is () = (/), the volume-related density of states for continuous energy levels is obtained in the limit as ():= (()), Here, is the spatial dimension of the considered system and the wave vector.

  3. Effective mass (solid-state physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_mass_(solid...

    The name "density of states effective mass" is used since the above expression for N C is derived via the density of states for a parabolic band. In practice, the effective mass extracted in this way is not quite constant in temperature ( N C does not exactly vary as T 3/2 ).

  4. Mass action law (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_action_law_(electronics)

    In electronics and semiconductor physics, the law of mass action relates the concentrations of free electrons and electron holes under thermal equilibrium.It states that, under thermal equilibrium, the product of the free electron concentration and the free hole concentration is equal to a constant square of intrinsic carrier concentration .

  5. Charge carrier density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_carrier_density

    Charge carrier density, also known as carrier concentration, denotes the number of charge carriers per volume. In SI units, it is measured in m −3. As with any density, in principle it can depend on position. However, usually carrier concentration is given as a single number, and represents the average carrier density over the whole material.

  6. Planck's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck's_law

    Bohr's formula was W τ 2 − W τ 1 = hν where W τ 2 and W τ 1 denote the energy levels of quantum states of an atom, with quantum numbers τ 2 and τ 1. The symbol ν denotes the frequency of a quantum of radiation that can be emitted or absorbed as the atom passes between those two quantum states.

  7. Van der Waals equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_equation

    From measurements of , and , in two states with the same density, the van der Waals equation produces the values [38] = =. Thus from two such measurements of pressure and temperature one could determine a {\displaystyle a} and ⁠ b {\displaystyle b} ⁠ , and from these values calculate the expected critical pressure, temperature, and molar ...

  8. Equation of state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state

    His new formula revolutionized the study of equations of state, and was the starting point of cubic equations of state, which most famously continued via the Redlich–Kwong equation of state [7] and the Soave modification of Redlich-Kwong. [8] The van der Waals equation of state can be written as

  9. Electron mobility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_mobility

    Density of states of a solid possessing a mobility edge, . While in crystalline materials electrons can be described by wavefunctions extended over the entire solid, [ 23 ] this is not the case in systems with appreciable structural disorder, such as polycrystalline or amorphous semiconductors.