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Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone, stapedius muscle or tensor tympani ().
Misophonia (or selective sound sensitivity syndrome) is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or their associated stimuli, or cues. These cues, known as "triggers", are experienced as unpleasant or distressing and tend to evoke strong negative emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses not seen in most other people. [ 8 ]
People with misophonia display hypersensitivity to certain pattern-based noises such as the sound of chewing, slurping, finger tapping, foot shuffling, throat clearing, pen clicking, and keyboard tapping; people with misophonia respond to triggering sounds with emotional distress and increased hormonal activity of the sympathetic system. [18]
Since the inner ear is not directly accessible to instruments, identification is by patient report of the symptoms and audiometric testing. Of those who present to their doctor with sensorineural hearing loss, 90% report having diminished hearing, 57% report having a plugged feeling in ear, and 49% report having ringing in ear ().
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a hearing impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound.People may have a loss of perception of a narrow range of frequencies or impaired perception of sound including sensitivity to sound or ringing in the ears. [1]
Increased touch sensitivity is referred to as "tactile hyperesthesia", and increased sound sensitivity is called "auditory hyperesthesia". In the context of pain, hyperaesthesia can refer to an increase in sensitivity where there is both allodynia and hyperalgesia .
The sufferer becomes anxious to get away from the source of the loud sound and may get headaches. [1] It may also be related to, caused by, or confused with hyperacusis, extreme sensitivity to loud sounds. [5] Phonophobia also has been proposed to refer to an extreme form of misophonia. [6]
Bell's palsy can trigger an increased sensitivity to sound known as hyperacusis. [6] The cause of Bell's palsy is unknown [1] and it can occur at any age. [4] Risk factors include diabetes, a recent upper respiratory tract infection, and pregnancy. [1] [7] It results from a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve). [1]