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In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915. [10] During the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius was seized and controlled by Poland between 1920 and 1939.
The temporary capital of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Laikinoji sostinė) was the official designation of the city of Kaunas in Lithuania during the interwar period. It was in contrast to the declared capital in Vilnius , which was part of Poland from 1920 until 1939.
Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919–1939 Kaunas 2023 1661, iv (cultural) During the Interwar period, the historic capital of Lithuania, Vilnius, was lost to Poland, and Kaunas was designated the temporary capital. This triggered a construction boom as all the vital infrastructure for a new country had to be built.
Vilnius (/ ˈ v ɪ l n i ə s / ⓘ VIL-nee-əs, Lithuanian: [ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs] ⓘ) is the capital of and largest city in Lithuania and the most-populous city in the Baltic states.The city's estimated January 2025 population was 607,404, [7] and the Vilnius urban area (which extends beyond the city limits) has an estimated population of 747,864.
Vilnius is the largest city of Lithuania with urban population over 700,000 inhabitants. In Lithuania, there are 103 cities (miestai). The term city is defined by the Parliament of Lithuania as a compact urban area with more than 3,000 people, of whom at least two-thirds work in the industry or service sector. Settlements with a population of ...
Nevertheless, Lithuania continued to claim Vilnius as its de jure capital. In May 1938 a new constitution was adopted, which echoed the previous constitution's statement that Vilnius was the permanent capital of Lithuania and that Kaunas was merely a temporary capital. [1] Poland continued to suppress Lithuanian organisations in Vilnius. [1] [18]
Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km 2 (25,200 sq mi), with a population of 2.89 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities include Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys. Lithuanians belong to the linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian.
The New Town of Kaunas occupies 314 hectares. The New Town is especially known for Interbellum functionalism architecture complexes when Kaunas became the Temporary capital of Lithuania. In the New Town Kaunas City Municipality, numerous business centers, hotels, and some shopping centers are situated.