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The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins , which act as neurotoxins to deter predation .
The use of chan'su and love stone (a related toad skin preparation used as an aphrodisiac in the West Indies) has resulted in several cases of poisoning and at least one death. [24] [28] The practice of orally ingesting toad poison has been referred to in popular culture and in the scientific literature as toad licking and has drawn media ...
They occur in the parotoid glands, skin, and poison of many toads (Bufonidae family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.
Bufo is a group of over 150 species of toads. Nearly all of these species contain a venom in their skin called bufotoxin which is a naturally a mild hallucinogen. They also contain the poison bufotenin which is another toxin used in HuaChanSu. Bufo toads can live under very adverse conditions resulting in its inhabitance in nearly every ...
An example of poison ingestion derives from the poison dart frog. They get a deadly chemical called lipophilic alkaloid from consuming a poisonous food in the rainforest . They are immune to the poison and they secrete it through their skin as a defense mechanism against predators.
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Bufagin is a toxic steroid C 24 H 34 O 5 [3] obtained from toad's milk, the poisonous secretion of a skin gland on the back of the neck of a large toad (Rhinella marina, synonym Bufo marinus, the cane toad). The toad produces this secretion when it is injured, scared or provoked.
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