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It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]
Roughly 1 million adults in the U.S. seek hospital care due to pneumonia and 50,000 people die from it each year. "Pneumonia can become dangerous if it goes unrecognized and untreated.
A vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae, available for adults, is recommended for healthy individuals over 65 and all adults with COPD, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, alcoholism, cerebrospinal fluid leaks or who have had a splenectomy. Re-vaccination may be required after five or ten years. [16]
[12] [13] Rates are greatest in children less than five, and adults older than 75 years. [12] It occurs about five times more frequently in the developing world than in the developed world. [12] Viral pneumonia accounts for about 200 million cases. [12] In the United States, as of 2009, pneumonia is the 8th leading cause of death. [24]
Older detection kits, based on latex agglutination, added little value above Gram staining and were occasionally false-positive. Better results are achieved with rapid immunochromatography , which has a sensitivity (identifies the cause) of 70–80% and >90% specificity (when positive identifies the actual cause) in pneumococcal infections.
Most women going through menopause now grew up in an era when the condition was still considered “rare,” and the signs and symptoms might have been brushed off as simply “cutting weight ...
Catamenial pneumothorax is defined as at least two episodes of recurrent pneumothorax corresponding with menstruation. It was first described in 1958 when a woman presented with 12 episodes of right-sided pneumothorax over 1 year, recurring monthly with menstruation. Thoracotomy revealed thoracic endometriosis. [3]
Doctors have long urged people ages 50 and older to get a shot to protect against bacterial pneumonia. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now agrees.
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