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1,4-Butanediol, also called Butane-1,4-diol (other names include 1,4-B, BD, BDO and 1,4-BD), [5] is a primary alcohol and an organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH. . It is a colorless viscous liquid first synthesized in 1890 via acidic hydrolysis of N,N'-dinitro-1,4-butanediamine by Dutch chemist Pieter Johannes Dekkers, who called it "tetramethylene glyco
Isobutylene glycol may be considered a kind of butylene glycol, similarly to butane historically including n-butane and i-butane (isobutane). The modern name for the closely related type of compounds is methylpropanediol. There are two stable structural isomers: 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol; 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol
1,2-Butanediol is a byproduct of the production of 1,4-butanediol from butadiene. [8] It is also a byproduct of the catalytic hydrocracking of starches and sugars such as sorbitol to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. [9] It can also be obtained from the dihydroxylation of but-1-ene by OsO 4.
1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 2 OH, not to be confused with 1,4 Butanediol. With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol . The compound without the R (or D) designation is racemic, which is what has been used in most studies before 2023.
Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.
Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C 4 H 9 O H, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers), from a straight-chain primary alcohol to a branched-chain tertiary alcohol; [1] all are a butyl or isobutyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (sometimes represented as BuOH, sec-BuOH, i-BuOH, and t-BuOH).
The crude oil is fed to a stabilizer which is typically a tray or packed tower column that achieves a partial fractionation or distillation of the oil. [4] The heavier components, pentane (C 5 H 12), hexane (C 6 H 14), and higher hydrocarbons (C 7 +), flow as liquid down through the column where the temperature is increasingly higher.
Fermentative production of 2,3-butanediol from carbohydrates involves a network of biochemical reactions that can be manipulated to maximize production. [8] 2,3-butanediol has been proposed as a rocket fuel that could be created on Mars by means of cyanobacteria and E. coli, shipped from Earth, working on resources available at the surface of ...