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Ape skeletons. A display at the Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge.From left to right: Bornean orangutan, two western gorillas, chimpanzee, human. The evolution of human bipedalism, which began in primates approximately four million years ago, [1] or as early as seven million years ago with Sahelanthropus, [2] [3] or approximately twelve million years ago with Danuvius guggenmosi, has ...
Comparative anatomy studies similarities and differences in organisms. The image shows homologous bones in the upper limb of various vertebrates. Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny [1] (the evolution of species).
Lucy Catalog no. AL 288-1 Common name Lucy Species Australopithecus afarensis Age 3.2 million years Place discovered Afar Depression, Ethiopia Date discovered November 24, 1974 ; 50 years ago (1974-11-24) Discovered by Donald Johanson Maurice Taieb Yves Coppens Tom Gray AL 288-1, commonly known as Lucy or Dinkʼinesh, is a collection of several hundred pieces of fossilized bone comprising 40 ...
Recent evidence regarding modern human sexual dimorphism (physical differences between male and female) in the lumbar spine has been seen in pre-modern primates such as Australopithecus africanus. This dimorphism has been seen as an evolutionary adaptation of females to bear lumbar load better during pregnancy , an adaptation that non-bipedal ...
A list of features Tyson found were more similar between the pygmy and the ape and monkey, and less similar to a human. Stature. Flat nose. Cranial ridge beneath the eyebrow. Hairier. Smaller thumb, than a human or an ape, more like a monkey's. Long, narrow palms. Longer toes. Great toes are opposable, like thumbs.
The relationships among the different groups of primates were not clearly understood until relatively recently, so the commonly used terms are somewhat confused. For example, ape has been used either as an alternative for monkey or for any tailless, relatively human-like primate. [5] [6]
The human skeleton performs six major functions: support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals, and endocrine regulation. The human skeleton is not as sexually dimorphic as that of many other primate species, but subtle differences between sexes in the morphology of the skull, dentition, long bones, and pelvis ...
The brow ridges are often not well expressed in human females, as pictured above in a female skull, and are most easily seen in profile. The brow ridge, or supraorbital ridge known as superciliary arch in medicine, is a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates and some other animals.