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  2. Dual systems model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_systems_model

    The dual systems model, also known as the maturational imbalance model, [1] is a theory arising from developmental cognitive neuroscience which posits that increased risk-taking during adolescence is a result of a combination of heightened reward sensitivity and immature impulse control.

  3. Social learning theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_learning_theory

    Social learning theory is a theory of social behavior that proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. [1]

  4. Child discipline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_discipline

    Another common method of discipline used for, usually, preteens and teenagers, is restricting the child's freedom of movement, optionally compounded by restricting activities. Examples of restriction of movement would be confinement to the yard, to the house, or to just the bedroom and restroom, excepting for required activities, such as ...

  5. Reinforcement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement

    Consequences that lead to appetitive behavior such as subjective "wanting" and "liking" (desire and pleasure) function as rewards or positive reinforcement. [2] There is also negative reinforcement, which involves taking away an undesirable stimulus. An example of negative reinforcement would be taking an aspirin to relieve a headache.

  6. Operant conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

    Example: if a rat in a Skinner box gets food when it presses a lever, its rate of pressing will go up. Pressing the lever was positively reinforced. Pressing the lever was positively reinforced. Negative reinforcement (a.k.a. escape) occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing the ...

  7. Does 'Euphoria' cause 'potential negative consequences' for ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/does-euphoria-cause...

    D.A.R.E. warns that the risky situations depicted in the teen drama starring Zendaya bring “potential negative consequences” to the real-life teens who watch it. Here's what other experts say.

  8. Motivational salience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational_salience

    Incentive salience is a cognitive process that grants a "desire" or "want" attribute, which includes a motivational component to a rewarding stimulus. [1] [2] [3] [9] Reward is the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces appetitive behavior – also known as approach behavior – and consummatory behavior. [3]

  9. Punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment

    Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment. The definition requires that punishment is only determined after the fact by the reduction in behavior; if the offending behavior of the subject does not decrease, it is not ...