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A copying clerk would begin by counting the number of master letters to be written during the next few hours and by preparing the copying book. Suppose the clerk wanted to copy 20 one-page letters. In that case, he would insert a sheet of oiled paper into the copying book in front of the first tissue on which he wanted to make a copy of a letter.
Copiers can also use other technologies, such as inkjet, but xerography is standard for office copying. Commercial xerographic office photocopying [1] gradually replaced copies made by verifax, photostat, carbon paper, mimeograph machines, and other duplicating machines. Photocopying is widely used in the business, education, and government ...
Methods of copying handwritten letters Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper" Letter copying book process; Mechanical processes Tracing to make accurate hand-drawn copies; Pantograph, manual device for making drawn copies without tracing, can also enlarge or reduce; Printmaking, which includes engraving and etching
David Gestetner was born in Hungary in 1854, and after working in Vienna and New York, he moved to London, England, filing his first copying patent there in 1879. [2] A later patent in 1881 was for the Cyclostyle, a stylus that was part of the Cyclograph copying device. [2]
Robert Curzon, 14th Baron Zouche (1810 – 1873) said that European and Chinese block books were so similar in every way that they must have originated in China. [58] The question of whether printing originated in Europe or China was raised in the early 16th century by a Portuguese poet, Garcia de Resende (1470 – 1536).
By 1500, the printing presses in operation throughout Western Europe had already produced more than twenty million copies. [5] In the following century, their output rose tenfold to an estimated 150 to 200 million copies. [5] European printing presses of around 1600 were capable of producing between 1,500 [54] and 3,600 impressions per workday. [3]
Xerography is a dry photocopying technique. [1] Originally called electrophotography, it was renamed xerography—from the Greek roots ξηρός xeros, meaning "dry" and -γραφία-graphia, meaning "writing"—to emphasize that unlike reproduction techniques then in use such as cyanotype, the process of xerography used no liquid chemicals.
By 1920, distribution agency in various European markets was by the Alfred Herbert companies. [5] The Commercial Camera Company apparently became the Photostat Corporation around 1921, for "Commercial Camera Company" is described as a former name of Photostat Corporation in a 1922 issue of Patent and Trade Mark Review . [ 6 ]