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Castra (pl.) is a Latin term used during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire for a military 'camp', and castrum (sg.) [1] for a 'fort'. [2] Either could refer to a building or plot of land, used as a fortified military base. [3] In English usage, castrum commonly translates to "Roman fort
However, when on the march, particularly in enemy territory, the legion would construct a rudimentary fortified camp or castra, using only earth, turf and timber. Camp construction was the responsibility of engineering units to which specialists of many types belonged, officered by architecti (engineers), from a class of troops known as immunes ...
Unlike other legionary fortresses in Britain, Inchtuthil was not later built over and its layout was still largely preserved when Sir Ian Richmond excavated it between 1952 and 1965. [3] It is therefore notable as the site which provides the only complete plan of a legionary fortress anywhere in the Roman empire.
Archaeologists found a 2,000-year-old Roman camp 7,000 feet up in the Swiss Alps, with sling bullets from the Roman 3rd Legion.
A diagram of a late 1st-century AD Roman legion. The dual-structure configuration of legions/auxilia established by Augustus remained essentially intact until the late 3rd century, with only minor modifications made during that long period. The senior officers of the army were, until the 3rd century, mainly from the Italian aristocracy.
Markland Grips, near Creswell, is a known Iron Age fort and nearby is Camp Hill, thought to have been a temporary Roman camp . Dr Elliott has used aerial photos and Lidar - a remote sensing method ...
Praefectus castrorum (camp prefect): the camp prefect was third in command of the legion. Generally, he was a long-serving veteran from a lower social status than the tribunii whom he outranked, and who previously had served as primus pilus and finished his 25 years with the legions.
Roman troops would construct a fortified camp, with a standardised size and layout, at the end of each day's march. [93] Most of their adversaries would rely on camping on defensible features (such as hilltops) or in places of concealment (such as in forests or swamps). [ 92 ]