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Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is neuropathic pain that occurs due to damage to a peripheral nerve caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster, also known as shingles). PHN is defined as pain in a dermatomal distribution that lasts for at least 90 days after an outbreak of herpes zoster. [ 1 ]
Under the general heading of neuralgia are trigeminal neuralgia (TN), atypical trigeminal neuralgia (ATN), occipital neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia and postherpetic neuralgia (caused by shingles or herpes). The term neuralgia is also used to refer to pain associated with sciatica and brachial plexopathy. [2]
Neuropathic pain and post-herpetic neuralgia can commonly persist for more than 3 months and a year to 18 months is not uncommon. More than 50% of patients report experiencing post-herpetic neuralgia. [2] Post-herpetic fatigue is also a common long term side effect and may persist for several months to a year or more.
Postherpetic neuralgia; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Postural hypotension; Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; Prader–Willi syndrome; Primary lateral sclerosis; Prion diseases; Progressive hemifacial atrophy; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; Progressive supranuclear palsy; Prosopagnosia; Pseudotumor cerebri
Post-herpetic neuralgia uncommonly is associated with shingles in the mouth. [31] Unusual complications may occur with intra-oral shingles that are not seen elsewhere. Due to the close relationship of blood vessels to nerves, the virus can spread to involve the blood vessels and compromise the blood supply, sometimes causing ischemic necrosis. [30]
Zoster vaccination is used to prevent shingles and its complications, including postherpetic neuralgia. [8] [9] It can be considered a therapeutic vaccine, given that it is used to treat a latent virus that has remained dormant in cells since chicken pox infection earlier in life. [8]
Geniculate ganglionitis or geniculate neuralgia (GN), also called nervus intermedius neuralgia, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, or Hunt's neuralgia, is a rare disorder characterized by severe paroxysmal neuralgic pain deep in the ear, [1] that may spread to the ear canal, outer ear, mastoid or eye regions.
Post-herpetic neuralgia Tolosa–Hunt syndrome Opthalamoplegic migraine Central causes of facial pain Anaesthesia dolorosa Central post-stroke pain Facial pain attributable to multiple sclerosis Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term for atypical facial pain) Burning mouth syndrome