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Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
An administrateur was appointed to oversee the management of the Landheer's tanah kongsi. [16] As the highest authority in his domain, the Landheer appointed the district heads or Camat in his domain, other bureaucrats as he saw fit and, at the lowest level, village heads who – specifically in these particuliere landerijen – went by the ...
In Aceh, they are known as qanun (from an Arabic word meaning "law" or "rules") while Papua uses the name "special regional regulation" (Indonesian: peraturan daerah khusus or perdasus). [8] [9] Additionally, in Aceh qanuns are also used to enact provisions of Islamic criminal law. [10]
According to historical records, a civil law called the Code Civil des Français was formed in 1804, in which most European referred to them as the Napoleon Code. [2] On 24 May 1806 the Netherlands became a French client state, styled the Kingdom of Holland under Napoleon's brother, Louis Bonaparte in which he was instructed by Napoleon to receive and enact the Napoleonic Code.
In 2001–2004, this ministry was known as the Department of Law and Legislation (Departemen Hukum dan Perundang-undangan). From 2004–2009, this ministry was known as the Department of Law and Human Rights (Departemen Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia).
This subdivisions is a local level of government beneath the provincial level. However, they enjoy greater decentralisation of affairs than the provincial body, such as provision of public schools and public health facilities. They were formerly known collectively as Daerah Tingkat II (Level II Region). [14]
In international law, extraterritoriality or exterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations.
Land law is the form of law that deals with the rights to use, alienate, or exclude others from land.In many jurisdictions, these kinds of property are referred to as real estate or real property, as distinct from personal property.