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A color spectrum image with an alpha channel that falls off to zero at its base, where it is blended with the background color.. In computer graphics, alpha compositing or alpha blending is the process of combining one image with a background to create the appearance of partial or full transparency. [1]
In computer graphics, pixels encoding the RGBA color space information must be stored in computer memory (or in files on disk). In most cases four equal-sized pieces of adjacent memory are used, one for each channel, and a 0 in a channel indicates black color or transparent alpha, while all-1 bits indicates white or fully opaque alpha.
where a is the value of a color channel in the underlying layer, and b is that of the corresponding channel of the upper layer. The result is most typically merged into the bottom layer using "simple" (b over a) alpha compositing (making the actual formula f ( a , b ) = a l p h a ( b , a ) {\displaystyle f(a,b)=alpha(b,a)} ), but other Porter ...
The alpha channel stores transparency information—the higher the value, the more opaque that pixel is. No camera or scanner measures transparency, although physical objects certainly can possess transparency, but the alpha channel is extremely useful for compositing digital images together.
A hardmask is a material used in semiconductor processing as an etch mask instead of a polymer or other organic "soft" resist material.. Hardmasks are necessary when the material being etched is itself an organic polymer.
The costs of creating new mask shop for 180 nm processes were estimated in 2005 as $40 million, and for 130 nm - more than $100 million. [26] The purchase price of a photomask, in 2006, could range from $250 to $100,000 [27] for a single high-end phase-shift mask. As many as 30 masks (of varying price) may be required to form a complete mask set.
Alpha mapping is used when the given object's transparency is not consistent: when the transparency amount is not the same for the entire object and/or when the object is not entirely transparent. If the object has the same level of transparency everywhere, one can either use a solid-color alpha texture or an integer value.
The blue material is an etch mask, and the green material is silicon. Some wet etchants etch crystalline materials at very different rates depending upon which crystal face is exposed. In single-crystal materials (e.g. silicon wafers), this effect can allow very high anisotropy, as shown in the figure.