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  2. Exercise physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_physiology

    The available oxygen and energy supply, and disturbances of muscle ion homeostasis are the main factors determining exercise performance, at least during brief very intense exercise. Each muscle contraction involves an action potential that activates voltage sensors, and so releases Ca 2+ ions from the muscle fibre 's sarcoplasmic reticulum .

  3. Neurobiological effects of physical exercise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of...

    Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...

  4. Aerobic conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_conditioning

    He began using a bicycle ergometer to measure sustained performance in terms of a person's ability to use oxygen. In 1968, he published Aerobics, which included exercise programs using running, walking, swimming and bicycling. At the time the book was published there was increasing awareness of the need for increased exercise due to widespread ...

  5. Benefits of physical activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefits_of_physical_activity

    Routine physical activity is important for building strong bones and muscles in children, but it is equally important for older adults. Bones and muscles work together to support daily movements. Physical activity strengthens muscles. Bones adapt by building more cells, and as a result, both become stronger.

  6. Physical activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_activity

    Physical activity is defined as any voluntary bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. [1] Physical activity encompasses all activities, at any intensity, performed during any time of day or night. [2] It includes both voluntary exercise and incidental activity integrated into the daily routine. [3]

  7. Bioenergetic systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergetic_systems

    This is important with respect to the kinds of physical activities that humans are capable of performing. [4]: 9–11 The phosphagen system (ATP-PCr) occurs in the cytosol (a gel-like substance) of the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle, and in the myocyte's cytosolic compartment of the cytoplasm of cardiac and smooth muscle. [9] During muscle ...

  8. Aerobic exercise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_exercise

    Aerobic exercise, also known as cardio, is physical exercise [1] of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. [2] "Aerobic" is defined as "relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen", [3] and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adequately. [4]

  9. Motor unit plasticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_unit_plasticity

    Resistance training has been shown to dramatically increase performance of motor units of the larger muscle groups. [2] Motor unit plasticity of the larger muscle groups is extremely important for athletes, especially those participating in high impact and fast pace sports such as track and field, martial arts, and American football.

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