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Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
[149] [150] [151] The Haber process can be combined with steam reforming to produce ammonia with just three chemical inputs: water, natural gas, and atmospheric nitrogen. Both Haber and Bosch were eventually awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry : Haber in 1918 for ammonia synthesis specifically, and Bosch in 1931 for related contributions to ...
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged molecular ion with the chemical formula NH + 4 or [NH 4] +.It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH 3).
Ammonium bicarbonate decomposes above about 36 °C into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in an endothermic process and so causes a drop in the temperature of the water: NH 4 HCO 3 → NH 3 + H 2 O + CO 2. When treated with acids, ammonium salts are also produced: NH 4 HCO 3 + HCl → NH 4 Cl + CO 2 + H 2 O. Reaction with base produces ammonia.
Ammonium sulfite can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with sulfur dioxide in aqueous solution: 2 NH 3 + SO 2 + H 2 O → (NH 4) 2 SO 3. Ammonium sulfite is produced in gas scrubbers, now obsolete, consisting of ammonium hydroxide to remove sulfur dioxide from emissions from power plants. The conversion is the basis of the Walther Process.
Gas H 2: 0 Water: Gas H 2 O −241.818 Water: Liquid H 2 O −285.8 Hydrogen ion: Aqueous H + 0 Hydroxide ion: Aqueous OH −: −230 Hydrogen peroxide: Liquid H 2 O 2: −187.8 Phosphoric acid: Liquid H 3 PO 4: −1288 Hydrogen cyanide: Gas HCN 130.5 Hydrogen bromide: Liquid HBr −36.3 Hydrogen chloride: Gas HCl −92.30 Hydrogen chloride ...
One example of a decomposition reaction is the electrolysis of water to make oxygen and hydrogen gas: + Single displacement In a single displacement reaction , a single uncombined element replaces another in a compound; in other words, one element trades places with another element in a compound [ 21 ] These reactions come in the general form ...