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The unit of charge in CGS EMU is: = = = / = / /. Dimensionally in the CGS-EMU system, charge q is therefore equivalent to M 1/2 L 1/2. Hence, neither charge nor current is an independent physical quantity in the CGS-EMU system.
The statcoulomb (statC), franklin (Fr), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the unit of measurement for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS-ESU) and Gaussian systems of units. In terms of the Gaussian base units, it is
This system is the most common of the several electromagnetic unit systems based on the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). It is also called the Gaussian unit system, Gaussian-cgs units, or often just cgs units. [a] The term "cgs units" is ambiguous and therefore to be avoided if possible: there are several variants of CGS, which ...
For this reason, phrases like "the quantum of charge" or "the indivisible unit of charge" can be ambiguous unless further specification is given. On the other hand, the term "elementary charge" is unambiguous: it refers to a quantity of charge equal to that of a proton.
The coulomb (symbol: C) is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). [1] [2] It is defined to be equal to the electric charge delivered by a 1 ampere current in 1 second. It is used to define the elementary charge e. [2] [1]
[note 2] Historically the debye was defined as the dipole moment resulting from two charges of opposite sign but an equal magnitude of 10 −10 statcoulomb [note 3] (generally called e.s.u. (electrostatic unit) in older scientific literature), which were separated by 1 ångström. [note 4] This gave a convenient unit for molecular dipole moments.
The statfarad (abbreviated statF) is a rarely used CGS unit equivalent to the capacitance of a capacitor with a charge of 1 statcoulomb across a potential difference of 1 statvolt. It is 1/(10 −5 c 2) farad, approximately 1.1126 picofarads. More commonly, the centimeter (cm) is used, which is equal to the statfarad.
The statvolt is a unit of voltage and electrical potential used in the CGS-ESU and gaussian systems of units. In terms of its relation to the SI units, one statvolt corresponds to c cgs 10 −8 volt, [a] i.e. to 299.792458 volts. [2] [b] The statvolt is also defined in the CGS system as 1 erg per statcoulomb. [2]