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Cartoon rendering, also called cel shading or toon shading, is a non-photorealistic rendering technique used to give 3D computer graphics a flat, cartoon-like appearance. Its defining feature is the use of distinct shading colors rather than smooth gradients, producing a look reminiscent of comic books or animated films.
Cel shading or toon shading is a type of non-photorealistic rendering designed to make 3D computer graphics appear to be flat by using less shading color instead of a shade gradient or tints and shades. A cel shader is often used to mimic the style of a comic book or cartoon and/or give the render a characteristic paper-like texture. [1]
Non-photorealistic illumination models don't attempt to model the perceived brightness of a surface in a realistic way, but focuses expressing certain styles. They are used for example in cartoons, video games, movies or technical illustrations, and include: Cel shading; Gooch shading
Shading alters the colors of faces in a 3D model based on the angle of the surface to a light source or light sources. The first image below has the faces of the box rendered, but all in the same color. Edge lines have been rendered here as well which makes the image easier to see. The second image is the same model rendered without edge lines.
Note: These franchise(s) below have significant numbers of titles with cel-shaded graphics. Atelier (Multi-decade JRPG & crafting hybrid series, started in 1997) Dragon Quest (Multi-decade franchise with JRPGs & other genres, started in 1986. Cel-shaded graphics approximately first seen in Dragon Quest VIII: Journey of the Cursed King (2004).)
This contrasts with Gouraud shading which interpolates the already shaded vertex values over the whole polygon. [21] Once Phong shading has calculated the normal of a fragment (pixel) inside the polygon, it can then apply a lighting model, shading that fragment. [32] This process is repeated until each polygon of the 3D model is shaded. [21]
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3DModels, a collection of vehicle 3D models; 3DBar, a collection of free 3D models; NASA 3D Models, NASA 3D models to use for educational or informational purposes; VRML Models from ORC Incorporated, 3D models in VRML format; 3dRender.com: Lighting Challenges, regularly held lighting challenges, complete with scene and models for each challenge