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Bronchiolitis typically affects infants and children younger than two years, principally during the autumn and winter. [15] It is the leading cause of hospital admission for respiratory disease among infants in the United States and accounts for one out of every 13 primary care visits. [8]
Orthopneumoviruses can cause diseases that range from a less-severe upper-respiratory illness to severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Orthopneumoviruses are found among sheep, cows, and most importantly humans. In humans, the orthopneumovirus that specifically impacts infants and small children is known as human respiratory syncytial virus. [2]
Worldwide, RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and children under the age of 5. The risk of serious infection is highest during the first 6 months of life. Of those infected with RSV, 2–3% will develop bronchiolitis, necessitating hospitalization. [70]
Bronchiolitis; Cancer; Candidiasis ("Thrush") Chagas disease; Chickenpox; Copenhagen disease; Croup; Cystic fibrosis; Cytomegalovirus (the virus most frequently transmitted before birth) Dental caries; Type 1 diabetes; Diphtheria; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Fifth disease; Congenital Heart Disease; Infectious mononucleosis; Influenza ...
Sources: Physiology. L.S. Costanzo. 6th Edition. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2017. T. Le, V. Bhushan. Physiologic Basis of Respiratory Disease By Qutayba Hamid, Joanne Shannon, James Martin A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children By Charles J. Coté, Jerrold Lerman, I. David Todres.
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), also known as obliterative bronchiolitis, constrictive bronchiolitis and popcorn lung, is a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs (bronchioles) due to inflammation. [1] [6] Symptoms include a dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and feeling tired. [1]
Preschool children with adenovirus colds tend to present with a nasal congestion, runny nose and abdominal pain. [2] There may be a harsh barking cough. [2] It is frequently associated with a fever and a sore throat. [2] Up to one in five infants with bronchiolitis will have adenovirus infection, which can be severe. [2]
Bronchiolitis is the swelling and buildup of mucus in the bronchioles. It is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is spread when an infant touches the nose or throat fluids of someone infected. [26] The virus infects the cells causing ciliary dysfunction and death.