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If G is a finitely generated group, then the rank of G is a non-negative integer. The notion of rank of a group is a group-theoretic analog of the notion of dimension of a vector space. Indeed, for p-groups, the rank of the group P is the dimension of the vector space P/Φ(P), where Φ(P) is the Frattini subgroup.
If a group has nilpotency class at most n, then it is sometimes called a nil-n group. It follows immediately from any of the above forms of the definition of nilpotency, that the trivial group is the unique group of nilpotency class 0, and groups of nilpotency class 1 are exactly the non-trivial abelian groups. [2] [3]
A non-finitely generated countable example is given by the additive group of the polynomial ring [] (the free abelian group of countable rank). More complicated examples are the additive group of the rational field Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } , or its subgroups such as Z [ p − 1 ] {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} [p^{-1}]} (rational numbers ...
In particular, any intermediate group Z n < A < Q n has rank n. Abelian groups of rank 0 are exactly the periodic abelian groups. The group Q of rational numbers has rank 1. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 are realized as subgroups of Q and there is a satisfactory classification of them up to isomorphism. By contrast, there is no ...
Once these are known, the ones with non-trivial center are easy to list as follows. Any simple Lie group with trivial center has a universal cover whose center is the fundamental group of the simple Lie group. The corresponding simple Lie groups with non-trivial center can be obtained as quotients of this universal cover by a subgroup of the ...
F 4 (q) has a non-trivial graph automorphism when q is a power of 2. These groups are the automorphism groups of 8-dimensional Cayley algebras over finite fields, which gives them 7-dimensional representations. They also act on the corresponding Lie algebras of dimension 14. G 2 (q) has a non-trivial graph automorphism when q is a power of 3
In mathematics, the special linear group SL(n, R) of degree n over a commutative ring R is the set of n × n matrices with determinant 1, with the group operations of ordinary matrix multiplication and matrix inversion. This is the normal subgroup of the general linear group given by the kernel of the determinant
A free group of rank k clearly has subgroups of every rank less than k. Less obviously, a (nonabelian!) free group of rank at least 2 has subgroups of all countable ranks. The commutator subgroup of a free group of rank k > 1 has infinite rank; for example for F(a,b), it is freely generated by the commutators [a m, b n] for non-zero m and n ...