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In a double-blind crossover study, patients were given either a placebo or tamoxifen (10 mg orally twice daily) for one month, in random order. Seven out of ten patients saw a reduction in gynecomastia size with tamoxifen (P < 0.005), and the overall reduction for the group was statistically significant (P < 0.01). [ 39 ]
10% 12 months: 99%: 95%: 84%: 56%: 38%: 19% Notes: Prevention of breast symptoms—specifically gynecomastia and breast pain—induced by 150 mg/day bicalutamide monotherapy with tamoxifen in 282 men with prostate cancer. Bicalutamide and tamoxifen were initiated at the same time (0 months).
1–2 mg 3x/day Conjugated estrogens: 1.25–2.5 mg 3x/day Ethinylestradiol: 0.15–3 mg/day Ethinylestradiol sulfonate: 1–2 mg 1x/week Diethylstilbestrol: 1–3 mg/day Dienestrol: 5 mg/day Hexestrol: 5 mg/day Fosfestrol: 100–480 mg 1–3x/day Chlorotrianisene: 12–48 mg/day Quadrosilan: 900 mg/day Estramustine phosphate: 140–1400 mg/day ...
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Oral exemestane 25 mg/day for 2–3 years of adjuvant therapy was generally more effective than 5 years of continuous adjuvant tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive/unknown receptor status breast in a large well-designed [citation needed] trial. Preliminary data from the open-label TEAM ...
Gynecomastia in older men is estimated to be present in 24–65 percent of men between the ages of 50 and 80. Estimates on asymptomatic gynecomastia is about up to 70% in men aged 50 to 69 years. [26] [50] The prevalence of gynecomastia in men may have increased in recent years, but the epidemiology of the disorder is not fully understood. [40]
Tamoxifen is a pure antiestrogenic trans-isomer and has differential actions at estrogen target tissues throughout the body. Tamoxifen is selectively antiestrogenic in the breast but estrogen-like in bones and endometrial cancer. [24] Tamoxifen undergo phase I metabolism in the liver by microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.
The study concluded that raloxifene caused fewer side-effects and less endometrial cancer than tamoxifen. [6] [7] Raloxifene was found to be more effective at preventing noninvasive breast cancer but less effective at preventing invasive breast cancer. [8]