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There are three common notations for inverse trigonometric functions. The arcsine function, for instance, could be written as sin −1, asin, or, as is used on this page, arcsin. For each inverse trigonometric integration formula below there is a corresponding formula in the list of integrals of inverse hyperbolic functions.
For the special antiderivatives involving trigonometric functions, see Trigonometric integral. [ 1 ] Generally, if the function sin x {\displaystyle \sin x} is any trigonometric function, and cos x {\displaystyle \cos x} is its derivative,
Then | | = (()) +, where sgn(x) is the sign function, which takes the values −1, 0, 1 when x is respectively negative, zero or positive. This can be proved by computing the derivative of the right-hand side of the formula, taking into account that the condition on g is here for insuring the continuity of the integral.
Si(x) (blue) and Ci(x) (green) shown on the same plot. Sine integral in the complex plane, plotted with a variant of domain coloring. Cosine integral in the complex plane. Note the branch cut along the negative real axis. In mathematics, trigonometric integrals are a family of nonelementary integrals involving trigonometric functions.
One of the valuable characteristics of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik compared to similar compilations is that most listed integrals are referenced. The literature list contains 92 main entries and 140 additional entries (in the eighth English edition).
In mathematics, the Henstock–Kurzweil integral or generalized Riemann integral or gauge integral – also known as the (narrow) Denjoy integral (pronounced), Luzin integral or Perron integral, but not to be confused with the more general wide Denjoy integral – is one of a number of inequivalent definitions of the integral of a function.
[1] [2] Like other methods of integration by substitution, when evaluating a definite integral, it may be simpler to completely deduce the antiderivative before applying the boundaries of integration.
The inverse tangent integral is related to the Legendre chi function = + + + by: [1] Ti 2 ( x ) = − i χ 2 ( i x ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Ti} _{2}(x)=-i\chi _{2}(ix)} Note that χ 2 ( x ) {\displaystyle \chi _{2}(x)} can be expressed as ∫ 0 x artanh t t d t {\textstyle \int _{0}^{x}{\frac {\operatorname {artanh} t}{t}}\,dt ...