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The Access to Knowledge (A2K) movement is a loose collection of civil society groups, governments, and individuals converging on the idea that access to knowledge should be linked to fundamental principles of justice, freedom, and economic development.
Open access is when academic research is made freely available online for anyone to read and re-use. [4] As with open access journals, there are different business models for funding open-access books, including publication charges, institutional support, library publishing, and consortium models. [5]
7 April: United States National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy effected. July: Aaron Swartz releases the "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto", to send "a strong message against the privatization of knowledge". 2009 12 January: European Commission-funded OpenAIRE project begins, supporting implementation of open access in Europe. [10]
The Guerilla Open Access Manifesto is a document published by (and widely attributed to) Aaron Swartz in 2008 that argues for transgressive approaches to achieving the goals of the open access movement through civil disobedience, willful violation of copyright and contracts that restrict redistribution of knowledge, and activities that exist in ...
The Open Access India forum was started in 2011 as an online forum and as a community of practice. [22] [23] The members of the community of practice, Open Access India had adapted the PLOS's Open Access logo and modified it to represent it as the Open Access movement in India and had formulated a draft policy on Open Access for India.
However, many open access journals require academics to pay fees to be published in an open access journal, which disincentivizes academics from publishing in such journals. [ 6 ] A third reason for the establishment of shadow libraries is the tacit endorsement by many academics of such efforts. [ 7 ]
Brewster Lurton Kahle (/ ˈ b r uː s t ər k eɪ l / BROO-stər KAYL; [4] born October 21, 1960) [2] is an American digital librarian, [5] computer engineer, Internet entrepreneur, and advocate of universal access to all knowledge.
Knowledge is for use in all forms. "Every citizen" has the right to access all forms of knowledge. Every knowledge [sic] is for access by all without discrimination of any kind. Save the time of all knowledge seekers. A knowledge system is one that evolves with time to achieve all of the above laws. [17]