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Zyklon B (German: [tsyˈkloːn ˈbeː] ⓘ; translated Cyclone B) was the trade name of a cyanide-based pesticide invented in Germany in the early 1920s. It consists of hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), as well as a cautionary eye irritant and one of several adsorbents such as diatomaceous earth .
In search of more efficient killing methods, the Nazis experimented with using the hydrogen cyanide-based fumigant Zyklon B at the Auschwitz concentration camp. This method was adopted for mass-murder at the Auschwitz and Majdanek camps. Up to 6,000 victims were gassed with Zyklon B each day at Auschwitz. [15]
Degesch held the patent on the infamous pesticide Zyklon, a variant of which was used to execute people in the gas chambers of German extermination camps during the Holocaust. Through the firms Tesch & Stabenow GmbH (Testa) and Heerdt-Linger (Heli), Degesch sold the poisonous gas Zyklon B to the German Army and the Schutzstaffel (SS).
In World War II, Degesch (42.5 per cent owned by IG Farben) was the trademark holder of Zyklon B, the poison gas used at some Nazi extermination camps. [1] IG Farben also developed processes for synthesizing gasoline and rubber from coal , and thereby contributed much to Germany's ability to wage a war despite having been cut off from all major ...
From 1931 to 1943 American Cyanamid produced the pesticide Zyklon B under license. [37] Cyanamid's pharmaceutical division included "Lederle Laboratories", maker of Piperacillin, an antibiotic drug used as a penicillin substitute; Centrum, a multivitamin supplement; Stresstabs vitamins; and Orimune, an oral polio vaccine. [38]
Zyklon B stored in the camp. There are two identical buildings at Majdanek where Zyklon B was used. Executions were carried out in barrack 41 with crystalline hydrogen cyanide released by the Zyklon B. The same poison gas pellets were used to disinfect prisoner clothing in barrack 42. [12]
A can of Zyklon B with adsorbent granules and original signed documents detailing ordering of Zyklon B as "materials for Jewish resettlement" (on display at Auschwitz concentration camp museum) Tesch & Stabenow was founded in 1924 in Hamburg. [2] In 1925, the firm became the only distributor of Zyklon on behalf of Degesch east of the Elbe.
Zyklon B pesticide production used for executions in gas chambers. One of its subsidiaries, the firm Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung—shortened to Degesch—sold Zyklon B to both the German Army and the Schutzstaffel (SS) for use in industrial style murder. [45] Dehomag (former subsidiary of IBM) [46] [page needed] [47] [48 ...