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A freight forwarder or forwarding agent is a person or a company who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers (party that transports goods).
The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. " Logistics ", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
A shipping method is determined by evaluating three factors: time, cost, and product characteristics. While shipping by sea could take longer than shipping by air, the latter is generally more expensive. Shipping by rail could also be complemented by piggybacking the freight onto a truck so it can be delivered to the receiver. [1]
Freight forwarder: A firm that makes or assists in the making of shipping arrangements; Terminal: Any place, whether covered or not, such as a dock, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal
The FIATA International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations is a non-governmental organisation representing freight forwarders worldwide. According to the FIATA Annual Report 2021, FIATA counted 109 Associations Members representing the freight forwarding industry within a territory and 5959 Individual members, representing freight forwarding and logistics companies.
Standard Trading Conditions (STC) are standardized terms imposed by some countries for accepting cargo by shipping lines, airlines and logistics services providers like freight forwarders and customs agents. They are usually printed as the fine print behind the shipping documents like bill of lading, air way bill, or consignment note.
An ocean transportation intermediary (OTI) is a company that is licensed by the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) to operate in the United States as an ocean freight forwarder, non-vessel operating common carrier , or both. [1]
SCAC is also used to identify an ocean carrier or self-filing party, such as a freight forwarder, for the Automated Manifest System used by US Customs and Border Protection for electronic import customs clearance and for manifest transmission as per the USA's "24 Hours Rule" which requires the carrier to transmit a cargo manifest to US Customs ...