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A crowbar circuit is an electrical circuit used for preventing an overvoltage or surge condition of a power supply unit from damaging the circuits attached to the power supply. It operates by putting a short circuit or low resistance path across the voltage output (V o ), like dropping a crowbar across the output terminals of the power supply.
This will cause both an immediate drop in voltage (protecting the device) and an instantaneous high current which is expected to open a current sensitive device (such as a fuse or circuit breaker). This device is called a crowbar as it is likened to dropping an actual crowbar across a set of bus bars (exposed electrical conductors).
This circuit using a Triac rather than an SCR has an additional protection against reversed polarity. However, residual reverse voltage is higher than using Si diodes or Schottky diodes. In case of reverse voltage, the TL431 will conduct with its output protection diode. This current will eventually fire the triac.
In order to prevent high rotor voltages (and high currents resulting from these voltages) from destroying the insulated-gate bipolar transistors and diodes of the converter, a protection circuit (called crowbar) is used. [15] The crowbar will short-circuit the rotor windings through a small resistance when excessive currents or voltages are ...
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Circuit diagram of a simple Crowbar circuit, with an 8V nominal output (7.6V with SD1).