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A reversible reaction is a reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously. [1]+ + A and B can react to form C and D or, in the reverse reaction, C and D can react to form A and B.
Protein folding problem: Is it possible to predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polypeptide sequence based solely on the sequence and environmental information? Inverse protein-folding problem: Is it possible to design a polypeptide sequence which will adopt a given structure under certain environmental conditions?
Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents.
Dynamic kinetic resolution in chemistry is a type of kinetic resolution where 100% of a racemic compound can be converted into an enantiopure compound. It is applied in asymmetric synthesis . Asymmetric synthesis has become a much explored field due to the challenge of creating a compound with a single 3D structure. [ 1 ]
The term transmutation dates back to alchemy.Alchemists pursued the philosopher's stone, capable of chrysopoeia – the transformation of base metals into gold. [3] While alchemists often understood chrysopoeia as a metaphor for a mystical or religious process, some practitioners adopted a literal interpretation and tried to make gold through physical experimentation.
Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. [1] This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions.
The formal intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of 1,6-enynes of the type 67 mediated by gold catalysis is another example of a transition-metal-catalyzed cascade (Scheme 14). [ 25 ] [ 26 ] A variety of 1,6-enynes reacted under mild conditions in the presence of Au(I) complexes 68a – b to yield the tricyclic products 69 in moderate to excellent ...
Nuclear reactions may be shown in a form similar to chemical equations, for which invariant mass must balance for each side of the equation, and in which transformations of particles must follow certain conservation laws, such as conservation of charge and baryon number (total atomic mass number). An example of this notation follows: