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  2. Lagrange multiplier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_multiplier

    The Lagrange multiplier theorem states that at any local maximum (or minimum) of the function evaluated under the equality constraints, if constraint qualification applies (explained below), then the gradient of the function (at that point) can be expressed as a linear combination of the gradients of the constraints (at that point), with the ...

  3. Elastic net regularization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_net_regularization

    It was proven in 2014 that the elastic net can be reduced to the linear support vector machine. [7] A similar reduction was previously proven for the LASSO in 2014. [8] The authors showed that for every instance of the elastic net, an artificial binary classification problem can be constructed such that the hyper-plane solution of a linear support vector machine (SVM) is identical to the ...

  4. Data validation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_validation

    Data validation is intended to provide certain well-defined guarantees for fitness and consistency of data in an application or automated system. Data validation rules can be defined and designed using various methodologies, and be deployed in various contexts. [1]

  5. Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karush–Kuhn–Tucker...

    Consider the following nonlinear optimization problem in standard form: . minimize () subject to (),() =where is the optimization variable chosen from a convex subset of , is the objective or utility function, (=, …,) are the inequality constraint functions and (=, …,) are the equality constraint functions.

  6. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    A chart created with data from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that only saves the chart. To save the chart and spreadsheet save as .XLS. XLC is not supported in Excel 2007 or in any newer versions of Excel. Dialog .xld: Used in older versions of Excel. Archive .xlk: A backup of an Excel Spreadsheet Add-in (DLL) .xll

  7. Office Open XML - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML

    In 2000, Microsoft released an initial version of an XML-based format for Microsoft Excel, which was incorporated in Office XP. In 2002, a new file format for Microsoft Word followed. [9] The Excel and Word formats—known as the Microsoft Office XML formats—were later incorporated into the 2003 release of Microsoft Office.

  8. Lasso (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasso_(statistics)

    In statistics and machine learning, lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; also Lasso, LASSO or L1 regularization) [1] is a regression analysis method that performs both variable selection and regularization in order to enhance the prediction accuracy and interpretability of the resulting statistical model.

  9. Referential integrity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referential_integrity

    Referential integrity is a property of data stating that all its references are valid. In the context of relational databases , it requires that if a value of one attribute (column) of a relation (table) references a value of another attribute (either in the same or a different relation), then the referenced value must exist.