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The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.
where C is the circumference of a circle, d is the diameter, and r is the radius.More generally, = where L and w are, respectively, the perimeter and the width of any curve of constant width.
Made use of a desk calculator [24] 620: 1947 Ivan Niven: Gave a very elementary proof that π is irrational: January 1947 D. F. Ferguson: Made use of a desk calculator [24] 710: September 1947 D. F. Ferguson: Made use of a desk calculator [24] 808: 1949 Levi B. Smith and John Wrench: Made use of a desk calculator 1,120
Approximations for the mathematical constant pi (π) in the history of mathematics reached an accuracy within 0.04% of the true value before the beginning of the Common Era. In Chinese mathematics , this was improved to approximations correct to what corresponds to about seven decimal digits by the 5th century.
The Gauss–Legendre algorithm is an algorithm to compute the digits of π.It is notable for being rapidly convergent, with only 25 iterations producing 45 million correct digits of π.
The Chudnovsky algorithm is a fast method for calculating the digits of π, based on Ramanujan's π formulae.Published by the Chudnovsky brothers in 1988, [1] it was used to calculate π to a billion decimal places.
In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for π, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that = + + = = +,. an alternating series.. It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series), [1] and was later independently rediscovered by James Gregory in ...
A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]