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After sustained periods of sleep, both the speed and synchronicity of the neurons firing are shown to decrease. [5] Another effect of wakefulness is the reduction of glycogen held in the astrocytes, which supply energy to the neurons. Studies have shown that one of sleep's underlying functions is to replenish this glycogen energy source. [6]
The word hypnagogia is sometimes used in a restricted sense to refer to the onset of sleep, and contrasted with hypnopompia, Frederic Myers's term for waking up. [2] However, hypnagogia is also regularly employed in a more general sense that covers both falling asleep and waking up.
The sleep neurons in the preoptic area receive inhibitory inputs from some of the same regions they inhibit, including the tubermammillary nucleus, raphe nuclei, and locus coeruleus. [10] Thus, they are inhibited by histamine, serotonin, and norepinepherine. This mutual inhibition may provide the basis for establishing periods of sleep and waking.
A person's emotional reaction when waking up at night can affect sleep quality, according to neurologist Dr. Brandon Peters-Mathews of Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle.
To sum up what both sleep docs have shared so far, waking up during the night is completely normal and not typically something to worry about. But both doctors say that if you can’t fall back ...
We get into a pattern of waking and sleeping that sees us opening our eyes in the middle of the night. The room is dark, but sure enough, the clock reads the same time as it did the night before...
Young woman asleep over study materials. The relationship between sleep and memory has been studied since at least the early 19th century.Memory, the cognitive process of storing and retrieving past experiences, learning and recognition, [1] is a product of brain plasticity, the structural changes within synapses that create associations between stimuli.
A study suggests non-genetic determinants of alertness upon waking up from sleep are: [25] [26] sleep quantity/quality the night before; physical activity the day prior; a carbohydrate-rich breakfast; a lower blood glucose response following breakfast (modifiable as well, for example via choice of food and with berberine [27])