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Following the 1950s and 1960s — the unregulated decades when the U.S. automotive industry could prioritize unrestrained horsepower, [2] size and styling — the Malaise Era arose after the Clean Air Act of 1963 began to codify a legislative response to serious national car-generated air quality concerns, and Ralph Nader's 1965 Unsafe at Any Speed galvanized attention on U.S. automotive ...
Ontario provincial authorities executed a search warrant at Volkswagen Canada offices in the Toronto area on 19 September 2017 [228] as part of its investigation into the emissions scandal that rocked the company two years ago. The Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change have charged Volkswagen AG with one count under the province's ...
A life cycle assessment of flooring materials made of solid wood, linoleum and vinyl found the wood flooring had lower energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. It also performed better in environmental impact categories such as resource use, environmental toxin emissions, air pollution emissions and waste generation. [12]
As of 2011, vehicles that are over seven years old require emissions testing, however vehicles manufactured before 1988 are exempt from the test. [1] On September 28, 2018, the Ontario government announced the cancellation of the Drive Clean program and instead focusing on heavy duty vehicles; the change became effective on April 1, 2019.
The first legislated exhaust (tailpipe) emission standards were promulgated by the State of California for 1966 model year for cars sold in that state, followed by the United States as a whole in model year 1968. Also in 1966, the first emission test cycle was enacted in the State of California measuring tailpipe emissions in PPM (parts per ...
Vehicle emissions inspection station in Wisconsin. Arizona – biennially, in Phoenix and Tucson metro areas only, depending on age and type of vehicle. [28]California – biennially for all vehicles from out-of-state, regardless of age; and all vehicles made after 1975 which are more than six years old in all or some zip codes in 41 out of 58 counties.
A tested Porsche Cayenne, emission standard Euro 6, exceeds the limit by 2.4 times at +10 to +16 °C with an average of 191 mg NO x /km after the software update. In addition, the vehicle with a carbon dioxide emissions of 179 g CO 2 /km is permitted, but in real operation on the road, according to DUH, the emissions are on average 241 g CO 2 /km.
The set-up process for vehicles ahead of the test. The last two are stricter than in the NEDC protocol, since they were previously used by car manufacturers to their advantage to keep CO 2 values (legally) as low as possible. [11] The procedure does not indicate fixed gear shift point, unlike the NEDC, letting each vehicle use its optimal shift ...