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In enzymology, a carboxylate reductase (EC 1.2.99.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. an aldehyde + acceptor + H 2 O a carboxylate + reduced acceptor. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, acceptor, and H 2 O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.
Carboxylate ion Acrylate ion. In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, RCOO − (or RCO − 2). It is an anion, an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula M(RCOO) n, where M is a metal and n is 1, 2,....
The reaction mechanism of the Mitsunobu reaction is fairly complex. The identity of intermediates and the roles they play has been the subject of debate. Initially, the triphenyl phosphine (2) makes a nucleophilic attack upon diethyl azodicarboxylate (1) producing a betaine intermediate 3, which deprotonates the carboxylic acid (4) to form the ion pair 5.
In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [1]
Using a carboxylate-to-iodine ratio of 1:1 leads to an alkyl iodide product, in line with Borodin's findings and the modern understanding of the Hunsdiecker reaction. However, a 2:1 ratio favours the formation of an ester product that arises from decarboxylation of one carboxylate and coupling the resulting alkyl chain with the other. [9] [10]
Fischer esterification is an acyl substitution reaction based on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon and the nucleophilicity of an alcohol. Carboxylic acids tend to be deprotonated by nucleophiles, which gives an unreactive carboxylate.
[1] [2] The Markó-Lam reaction is a variant of the Bouveault–Blanc reduction [3] and an alternative to the classical Barton–McCombie deoxygenation. It is named for the Belgian chemists István Markó and Kevin Lam. [4] The main features of the reaction are: short reaction time (5 seconds to 5 minutes). the use of a stable toluate derivative.
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.