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A chemical bond between valence electrons, or an atom or unbranched chain of atoms connecting two different parts of the same molecule; i.e. an intramolecular bond linking different moieties or functional groups. [2] bridgehead Either of the two tertiary atoms which by bonding to each other form an intramolecular bridge. [2] Brønsted–Lowry acid
In the simplest case, the cation is a metal atom and the anion is a nonmetal atom, but these ions can be of a more complicated nature, e.g. molecular ions like NH 4 + or SO 4 2−. At normal temperatures and pressures, ionic bonding mostly creates solids (or occasionally liquids) without separate identifiable molecules, but the vaporization ...
Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents .
In regular cold matter, quarks, fundamental particles of nuclear matter, are confined by the strong force into hadrons that consist of 2–4 quarks, such as protons and neutrons. Quark matter or quantum chromodynamical (QCD) matter is a group of phases where the strong force is overcome and quarks are deconfined and free to move.
Graphic representation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. CHNOPS and CHON are mnemonic acronyms for the most common elements in living organisms. . "CHON" stands for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of biological system
C 7 H 8 ClN 3 O 4 S 2: hydrochlorothiazide: 58-93-5 C 7 H 8 N 4 O 2: theophylline: 58-55-9 C 7 H 8 N 4 O 2: theobromine: C 7 H 9 BO 2: 4-methylphenylboronic acid: 5720-05-8 C 7 H 9 BO 3: 4-boronoanisole: 5720-07-0 C 7 H 10 N 2: 4-dimethylaminopyridine: 1122-58-3 C 7 H 11 NO 5: N-Acetylglutamic acid: C 7 H 12 O 4: diethyl malonate: C 7 H 12 N 2 ...
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.
A large fraction of the chemical elements that occur naturally on the Earth's surface are essential to the structure and metabolism of living things. Four of these elements (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) are essential to every living thing and collectively make up 99% of the mass of protoplasm. [1]