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The transport of electrons from redox pair NAD + / NADH to the final redox pair 1/2 O 2 / H 2 O can be summarized as 1/2 O 2 + NADH + H + → H 2 O + NAD + The potential difference between these two redox pairs is 1.14 volt, which is equivalent to -52 kcal/mol or -2600 kJ per 6 mol of O 2.
For example, in a two electrons couple like NAD +: NADH the reduction potential becomes ~ 30 mV (or more exactly, 59.16 mV/2 = 29.6 mV) more positive for every power of ten increase in the ratio of the oxidised to the reduced form.
For example, in the above reaction, it can be shown that this is a redox reaction in which Fe is oxidised, and Cl is reduced. Note the transfer of electrons from Fe to Cl. Decomposition is also a way to simplify the balancing of a chemical equation. A chemist can atom balance and charge balance one piece of an equation at a time. For example:
A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation reactions sorted according to redox potential. [4] [5] The redox ladder displays the order in which redox reactions occur based on the free energy gained from redox pairs.
An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is said to be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by loss of one or more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number decreases gains (receives) one or more electrons and is said to be reduced. This relation can be remembered by the following mnemonics.
An electron transport chain (ETC [1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.
In such cases, the electron transfer is termed intermolecular electron transfer. A famous example of an inner sphere ET process that proceeds via a transitory bridged intermediate is the reduction of [CoCl(NH 3) 5] 2+ by [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 2+. [5] [6] In this case, the chloride ligand is the bridging ligand that covalently connects the redox ...
This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain. When this chain reaches PSI, an electron is again excited, creating a high redox-potential. The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the Z-scheme, because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter Z. [3]