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  2. Galileo's ship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo's_ship

    Galileo's ship refers to two physics experiments, a thought experiment and an actual experiment, by Galileo Galilei, the 16th- and 17th-century physicist and astronomer. The experiments were created to argue the idea of a rotating Earth as opposed to a stationary Earth around which rotated the Sun , planets, and stars.

  3. Galilean invariance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_invariance

    Galilean invariance or Galilean relativity states that the laws of motion are the same in all inertial frames of reference. Galileo Galilei first described this principle in 1632 in his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems using the example of a ship travelling at constant velocity, without rocking, on a smooth sea; any observer below the deck would not be able to tell whether the ...

  4. On shell and off shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_shell_and_off_shell

    the mass–energy equivalence formula which gives the energy in terms of the momentum and the rest mass of a particle. The equation for the mass shell is also often written in terms of the four-momentum ; in Einstein notation with metric signature (+,−,−,−) and units where the speed of light c = 1 {\displaystyle c=1} , as p μ p μ ≡ p ...

  5. Galilean transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_transformation

    Although the transformations are named for Galileo, it is the absolute time and space as conceived by Isaac Newton that provides their domain of definition. In essence, the Galilean transformations embody the intuitive notion of addition and subtraction of velocities as vectors.

  6. Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo's_Leaning_Tower_of...

    Galileo's thought experiment concerned the outcome (c) of attaching a small stone (a) to a larger one (b) Galileo set out his ideas about falling bodies, and about projectiles in general, in his book Two New Sciences (1638). The two sciences were the science of motion, which became the foundation-stone of physics, and the science of materials ...

  7. Two New Sciences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_New_Sciences

    The Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences (Italian: Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze pronounced [diˈskorsi e ddimostratˈtsjoːni mateˈmaːtike inˈtorno a dˈduːe ˈnwɔːve ʃˈʃɛntse]) published in 1638 was Galileo Galilei's final book and a scientific testament covering much of his work in physics over the preceding ...

  8. Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_gravitational...

    1583 – Galileo Galilei deduces the period relationship of a pendulum from observations (according to later biographer). 1586 – Simon Stevin demonstrates that two objects of different mass accelerate at the same rate when dropped. [2] 1589 – Galileo Galilei describes a hydrostatic balance for measuring specific gravity.

  9. Spacetime diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime_diagram

    A spacetime diagram is a graphical illustration of locations in space at various times, especially in the special theory of relativity.Spacetime diagrams can show the geometry underlying phenomena like time dilation and length contraction without mathematical equations.