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  2. Prime meridian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_meridian

    The prime meridian of Mars was established in 1971 [35] and passes through the center of the crater Airy-0, although it is fixed by the longitude of the Viking 1 lander, which is defined to be 47.95137°W. [36] The prime meridian on Ceres runs through the Kait crater, which was arbitrarily chosen because it is near the equator (about 2° south ...

  3. South Pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole

    The Geographic South Pole is marked by the stake on the right NASA image showing Antarctica and the South Pole in 2005. The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the point in the Southern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

  4. Longitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude

    A geographical mile is defined to be the length of one minute of arc along the equator (one equatorial minute of longitude) therefore a degree of longitude along the equator is exactly 60 geographical miles or 111.3 kilometers, as there are 60 minutes in a degree. The length of 1 minute of longitude along the equator is 1 geographical mile or 1 ...

  5. IERS Reference Meridian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IERS_Reference_Meridian

    The most important reason for the 5.3 seconds of longitude offset between the IERS Reference Meridian and the Airy transit circle is that the observations with the transit circle were based on the local vertical, while the IERS Reference is a geodetic longitude, that is, the plane of the meridian contains the center of mass of the Earth. [1]

  6. Equator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator

    The equator during the boreal winter, spanning from December to March. The equator is the circle of latitude that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, about 40,075 km (24,901 mi) in circumference, halfway between the North and South poles. [1]

  7. North Pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pole

    The North Pole is by definition the northernmost point on the Earth, lying antipodally to the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. No time zone has been ...

  8. Null Island - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_Island

    Null Island is the location at zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude), i.e., where the prime meridian and the equator intersect. Since there is no landmass located at these coordinates, it is not an actual island. The name is often used in mapping software as a placeholder to help find and correct database entries that have ...

  9. List of circles of latitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_circles_of_latitude

    The equator, a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the northern and southern hemispheres. On Earth, it is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude . 0°