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Humans are the main indoor source of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in most buildings. Indoor CO 2 levels are an indicator of the adequacy of outdoor air ventilation relative to indoor occupant density and metabolic activity. Indoor CO 2 levels above 500 ppm can lead to higher blood pressure and heart rate, and increased peripheral blood circulation. [85]
Up to 30 % of Europeans living in cities are exposed to air pollutant levels exceeding EU air quality standards. Around 98 % of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of air pollutants deemed damaging to health by the World Health Organization's more stringent guidelines even before they were adjusted to latest scientific data to be ...
Indoor air pollution can pose a significant health risk. According to EPA reports, the concentrations of many air pollutants can be two to five times higher in indoor air than in outdoor air. Indoor air pollutants can be up to 100 times higher in some cases than they are inside. [106]
The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) govern how much ground-level ozone (O 3), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5), lead (Pb), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) are allowed in the outdoor air. [6] The NAAQS set the acceptable levels of certain air pollutants in the ambient air in the United ...
The term immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) is defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as exposure to airborne contaminants that is "likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." Examples include smoke or other ...
The AQI level is based on the level of six atmospheric pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), suspended particulates smaller than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10), [19] suspended particulates smaller than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5), [19] carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O 3) measured at the ...
As an example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has developed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) [6] NAAQS set attainment thresholds for sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5), carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides NO x, and lead (Pb) in outdoor air throughout the United States.
Carbon monoxide (CO): The EPA set the first NAAQS for carbon monoxide in 1971. The primary standard was set at 9 ppm averaged over an 8-hour period and 35 ppm over a 1-hour period. [10] The majority of CO emitted into the ambient air is from mobile sources.