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Pairwise summation is the default summation algorithm in NumPy [9] and the Julia technical-computing language, [10] where in both cases it was found to have comparable speed to naive summation (thanks to the use of a large base case).
Given a function that accepts an array, a range query (,) on an array = [,..,] takes two indices and and returns the result of when applied to the subarray [, …,].For example, for a function that returns the sum of all values in an array, the range query (,) returns the sum of all values in the range [,].
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
The set of the rows consists of a single element (,) as a set is made of unique elements so it is linearly independent, but the matrix is not invertible as the matrix determinant is 0. On the other hands, the family of the rows contains two elements indexed differently such as the 1st row ( 1 , 1 ) {\displaystyle (1,1)} and the 2nd row ( 1 , 1 ...
Sum; Others include: Nanmean (mean ignoring NaN values, also known as "nil" or "null") Stddev; Formally, an aggregate function takes as input a set, a multiset (bag), or a list from some input domain I and outputs an element of an output domain O. [1] The input and output domains may be the same, such as for SUM, or may be different, such as ...
Computers typically use binary arithmetic, but to make the example easier to read, it will be given in decimal. Suppose we are using six-digit decimal floating-point arithmetic, sum has attained the value 10000.0, and the next two values of input[i] are 3.14159 and 2.71828. The exact result is 10005.85987, which rounds to 10005.9.
In more technical language, if the summands are (), the direct sum is defined to be the set of tuples () with such that = for all but finitely many i. The direct sum is contained in the direct product, but is strictly smaller when the index set is infinite, because an element of the direct product can have infinitely many nonzero coordinates.
[1] [2] For instance, if the elements of a set A may be indexed or labeled by means of the elements of a set J, then J is an index set. The indexing consists of a surjective function from J onto A , and the indexed collection is typically called an indexed family , often written as { A j } j ∈ J .