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v. t. e. Theta (UK: / ˈθiːtə /, US: / ˈθeɪtə /) uppercase Θ or ϴ; lowercase θ[note 1] or ϑ; Ancient Greek: θῆτα thē̂ta [tʰɛ̂ːta]; Modern: θήτα thī́ta [ˈθita]) is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth . In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 9.
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. [3] [4] It is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, [5] and was the earliest known alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants.
Eta with acute and smooth breathing. Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel. Ἢἢ. Eta with grave and smooth breathing. Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch. Ἦἦ.
The history of the Greek alphabet starts with the adoption of Phoenician letter forms in the 9th–8th centuries BC during early Archaic Greece and continues to the present day. The Greek alphabet was developed during the Iron Age, centuries after the loss of Linear B, the syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek until the Late ...
The letter Η had been adopted by Greek from the Phoenician letter Heth originally with this consonantal sound value, and Hēta was its original name. The Italic alphabets, and ultimately Latin, adopted the letter H from this Greek usage. However, Greek dialects progressively lost the sound /h/ from their phonological
Sigma (/ ˈsɪɡmə / SIG-mə; [ 1 ] uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; Greek: σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation.
The conventions for writingand romanizingAncient Greekand Modern Greekdiffer markedly. The sound of the English letterB(/b/) was written as βin ancient Greek but is now written as the digraphμπ, while the modern βsounds like the English letter V(/v/) instead. The Greek nameἸωάννηςbecame Johannesin Latinand then Johnin English, but ...
In addition, the red alphabet also introduced letters for the aspirates, Φ = /pʰ/ and Ψ = /kʰ/. Note that the use of Χ in the "red" set corresponds to the letter "X" in Latin, while it differs from the later standard Greek alphabet, where Χ stands for /kʰ/, and Ψ stands for /ps/. Only Φ for /pʰ/ is common to all non-green alphabets.