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The dorsal column nuclei each have an associated nerve tract in the spinal cord, the gracile fasciculus and the cuneate fasciculus, together forming the dorsal columns. Both dorsal column nuclei contain synapses from afferent nerve fibers that have travelled in the spinal cord. [2] They then send on second-order neurons of the dorsal column ...
The dorsal column nuclei are responsible for fine touch, vibration, proprioception and two-point discrimination. The fibers of this decussation are called the internal arcuate fibers and are found at the superior aspect of the closed medulla oblongata, superior to the motor decussation. Neurons of these nuclei are second-order neurons in the ...
The posterior thoracic nucleus is a major relay center for unconscious proprioception.Sensory information from muscle spindles and tendon organs is carried by axons of larger neurons in dorsal root ganglia, which synapse onto neurons in the spinal cord including the posterior thoracic nucleus.
The neurons in these two nuclei (the dorsal column nuclei) are second-order neurons. [6] Their axons cross over to the other side of the medulla and are now named as the internal arcuate fibers, that form the medial lemniscus on each side. This crossing over is known as the sensory decussation.
Some fibers project directly to the dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, and autonomic nuclei of the spinal cord (hypothalamospinal fibers). [1] Descending projections of the DLF are functionally involved in mediating chewing, swallowing, [3] [2] salivation and gastrointestinal secretory function, [2] and shivering. [3]
Near the sulcus limitans are the visceral afferent nuclei, namely the solitary tract nucleus. More lateral, but also less posterior, are the general somatic afferent nuclei. This is the trigeminal nucleus. Back at the dorsal surface of the brainstem, and more lateral are the special somatic afferents, this handles sensation such as balance.
The rostral raphe nuclei, both the median raphe nucleus and particularly the dorsal raphe nucleus have long been implicated in depression. Some studies have suggested that the dorsal raphe may be decreased in size in people with depression and, paradoxically, an increased cell density in those who die by suicide. [7] [8] [9]
dorsal raphe nucleus [10] solitariospinal tract → upper levels of spinal cord [5] other visceral motor or respiratory centers [10] The SN projects to multiple other cranial nerve nuclei: [11] salivatory nuclei; hypoglossal nucleus; dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve; nucleus ambiguus (to mediate gag reflex)