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Synthesis of receptors in the cell is regulated by the level of free intracellular cholesterol; if it is in excess for the needs of the cell then the transcription of the receptor gene will be inhibited. [28] LDL receptors are translated by ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum and are modified by the Golgi apparatus before travelling in ...
In FH, LDL receptor function is reduced or absent, [9] and LDL circulates for an average duration of 4.5 days, resulting in significantly increased level of LDL cholesterol in the blood with normal levels of other lipoproteins. [6] In mutations of ApoB, reduced binding of LDL particles to the receptor causes the increased level of LDL cholesterol.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is the familial occurrence of this disorder, probably caused by decreased LDL receptor and increased ApoB. Acquired combined hyperlipidemia is extremely common in patients who have other diseases from the metabolic syndrome ("syndrome X", incorporating diabetes mellitus type II , hypertension , central ...
In humans, excess cholesterol in the blood is captured by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and removed by the liver via endocytosis of the LDL receptor. [4] Recent evidence indicates that the members of the LDL receptor gene family are active in the cell signalling pathways between specialized cells in many, if not all, multicellular organisms. [5 ...
Possible causes of low cholesterol are: [citation needed] statins; hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid gland; adrenal insufficiency; liver disease; malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestines), such as in celiac disease; malnutrition; abetalipoproteinemia - a
When LDL receptors bind LDL particles in the bloodstream, the clathrin-coated pits are endocytosed into the cell. [citation needed] Vesicles containing LDL receptors bound to LDL are delivered to the endosome. In the presence of low pH, such as that found in the endosome, LDL receptors undergo a conformation change, releasing LDL. LDL is then ...
The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident.
Oxidized LDL promotes death of endothelial cells by augmenting apoptosis. Also, through the activation of collagenases , ox-LDL contributes to a process which may lead to the rupture of the fibrous plaque [ 7 ] Oxidized LDL decreases the availability of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), which, in turn, increases the adhesion of monocytes to the ...