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The assumption behind this approach is that if slums are given basic services and tenure security – that is, the slum will not be destroyed and slum residents will not be evicted, then the residents will rebuild their own housing, engage their slum community to live better, and over time attract investment from government organizations and ...
While a large number of slum residents would be considered poor according to the international poverty line of $1.25/day, [7] not all who live in slums fall into this category. A measurement in 2010 states that around 50% of slum residents earn wages of $2-$4 USD a day, landing above the federal poverty line. [8]
The term, which means slum or ghetto, was first used in the Slum of Providência in the center of Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century, which was built by soldiers who had lived under the favela trees in Bahia and had nowhere to live following the Canudos War. Some of the last settlements were called bairros africanos (African neighborhoods).
The term "slum" does not in all cases mean that the community is an illegal one; some slums are legal housing communities. [18] As of 2009 there were about 170 million people living in slums. About 66% of Mumbai's residents live in shanties, including about 40% of the city's police force.
Slums, made up exclusively of extremely poor populations, provide a particularly strong threat for poor health. Child mortality in the slums of Nairobi, which 60% of the population inhabits, is 2.5 times greater than in other areas of the city. [1] In the slums of Manila, 39% of children have TB, which is twice the national average. [1]
Projects have been enforced by the government and non-government organizations to allow urban resettlement sites for slum dwellers. [6] According to a UN-Habitat report, over 20 million people in the Philippines live in slums. [7] In Manila alone, 50% of the over 11 million inhabitants live in slum areas. [8] [9]
The World Bank has undertaken many major slum upgrading projects since the 1980s, [8] but fundamentally, it does not solve the problem of slums – it simply helps fix the problems with current slums. Worldwide, there are approximately one billion people living in slums.
This is a list of slums. A slum as defined by the United Nations agency UN-Habitat , is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing, squalor, and lacking in tenure security. According to the United Nations, the percentage of urban dwellers living in slums decreased from 47 percent to 37 percent in the developing world between ...