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Shiva (Hebrew: שִׁבְעָה , romanized: šīvʿā, lit. 'seven') is the week-long mourning period in Judaism for first-degree relatives. The ritual is referred to as " sitting shiva " in English.
Jewish customs of etiquette, known simply as Derekh Eretz (Hebrew: דרך ארץ, lit. ' way of the land '), [a] or what is a Hebrew idiom used to describe etiquette, is understood as the order and manner of conduct of man in the presence of other men; [1] [2] being a set of social norms drawn from the world of human interactions.
In Jewish religious law (), Jews are commanded to rest on Shabbat, and refrain from performing certain types of work.Some of the activities are considered to be prohibited by biblical law (the 39 Melachot), while others became prohibited later on, due to rabbinic decrees.
Shevi'it (Hebrew: שְׁבִיעִית, lit."Seventh") is the fifth tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah, dealing with the laws of leaving the fields of the Land of Israel to lie fallow every seventh year; the laws concerning which produce may, or may not be eaten during the Sabbatical year; and the cancellation of debts and the rabbinical ordinance established to allow a ...
Halakha (/ h ɑː ˈ l ɔː x ə / hah-LAW-khə; [1] Hebrew: הֲלָכָה, romanized: hălāḵā, Sephardic:), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho (Ashkenazic: [haˈlɔχɔ]), is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.
In Judaism, a person who is shomer Shabbat or shomer Shabbos (plural shomré Shabbat or shomrei Shabbos; Hebrew: שומר שבת, "Sabbath observer", sometimes more specifically, "Saturday Sabbath observer") is a person who observes the mitzvot (commandments) associated with Judaism's Shabbat, or Sabbath, which begins at dusk on Friday and ends after sunset on Saturday.
The concepts of de'oraita and derabbanan are used extensively in Jewish law. Sometimes it is unclear whether an act is de'oraita or derabbanan. For example: the Talmud says the prohibition of reciting an unnecessary berakhah (blessing formulated with God's name) violates the verse Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain. [2]
Laws concerning the produce of the land: the heave-offering for the priests; the tithes to the Levites; the poor man's right to the gleanings, the forgotten sheaf, and the unreaped grain in the corners of the field; the use of young trees (prohibited during the first three years); the mixing of different kinds of vegetables ; the Sabbatical year.