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Ambiguity tolerance–intolerance was formally introduced in 1949 through an article published by Else Frenkel-Brunswik, who developed the concept in earlier work on ethnocentrism in children [3] In the article which defines the term, she considers, among other evidence, a study of schoolchildren who exhibit prejudice as the basis for the existence of intolerance of ambiguity.
Most formulations of tolerance assert that tolerance is a reciprocal act, and the intolerant need not be tolerated. This necessitates drawing a limit between the tolerant and intolerant in every implementation of tolerance, which suggests that any act of tolerance requires an act of intolerance. [9]
Paradox of tolerance: A tolerant society that tolerates intolerant ideas becomes less tolerant overall. Paradox of voting : Also known as the Downs paradox. For a rational, self-interested voter the costs of voting will normally exceed the expected benefits, so why do people keep voting?
Brian Sutton-Smith in the 1970s. Brian Sutton Smith (July 15, 1924 – March 7, 2015), [1] better known as Brian Sutton-Smith, was a play theorist who spent his lifetime attempting to discover the cultural significance of play in human life, arguing that any useful definition of play must apply to both adults and children.
In cross-cultural psychology, uncertainty avoidance is how cultures differ on the amount of tolerance they have of unpredictability. [1] Uncertainty avoidance is one of five key qualities or dimensions measured by the researchers who developed the Hofstede model of cultural dimensions to quantify cultural differences across international lines and better understand why some ideas and business ...
Intolerance of Ambiguity vs Tolerance of Ambiguity (see Jaensch's Typology) [Critique Point] Due to the coders having access to the protocols, the dependency between prejudice and rigidity may be biased. [20]: 65
The ambiguity effect is a cognitive tendency where decision making is affected by a lack of information, or "ambiguity". [1] The effect implies that people tend to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
Ambiguity tolerance–intolerance From a page move : This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.