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The trade-off theory of capital structure is the idea that a company chooses how much debt finance and how much equity finance to use by balancing the costs and benefits. The classical version of the hypothesis goes back to Kraus and Litzenberger [ 1 ] who considered a balance between the dead-weight costs of bankruptcy and the tax saving ...
An optimal capital structure is one that is consistent with minimizing the cost of debt and equity financing and maximizing the value of the firm. Internal policy decisions with respect to capital structure and debt ratios must be tempered by a recognition of how outsiders view the strength of the firm's financial position. [10]
The Modigliani–Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller) is an influential element of economic theory; it forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure. [1] The basic theorem states that in the absence of taxes , bankruptcy costs, agency costs , and asymmetric information , and in an efficient market , the enterprise ...
The two main capital structure theories as taught in corporate finance textbooks are the Pecking order theory and the Trade-off theory.The two theories make some contradicting predictions and for example Fama and French conclude: [3] "In sum, we identify one scar on the tradeoff model (the negative relation between leverage and profitability), one deep wound on the pecking order (the large ...
The pecking order theory may explain the inverse relationship between profitability and debt ratios; [4] and, in that dividends are a use of capital, the theory also links to the firm's dividend policy. [5] In general, internally generated cash flow may exceed required capital expenditures, and at other times will fall short. Thus when ...
The capital structure substitution theory hypothesizes that management manipulates the capital structure such that earnings per share (EPS) are maximized. Re cost of funds, the Pecking Order Theory ( Stewart Myers ) suggests that firms avoid external financing while they have internal financing available and avoid new equity financing while ...
The market timing hypothesis, in corporate finance, is a theory of how firms and corporations decide whether to finance their investment with equity or with debt instruments. Here, equity market timing refers to "the practice of issuing shares at high prices and repurchasing at low prices, [where] the intention is to exploit temporary ...
Trade-off theory of capital structure; Time-weighted return; U. Undervalued stock; V. Value investing; W. Wicksell's theory of capital