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Some epiphytic lichen species may be used as "ancient woodland indicators"; they can used to quantitatively assess the degree to which a forest has had a long history of canopy continuity. [11] The presence of these species is a reliable indicator that the forest has existed back to early medieval times, without being clear-cut and regrown.
The woodlands of Bedfordshire cover 6.2% of the county. [2] Some two thirds of this (4,990 ha or 12,300 acres) is broad-leaved woodland, principally oak and ash. [3] A Woodland Trust estimate of all ancient woodland in Bedfordshire (dating back to at least the year 1600), including woods of 0.1 ha (0.25 acres) and upward suggests an area of 1,468 ha (3,630 acres). [4]
This woodland is present between 500 feet (150 m) and 1,000 feet (300 m) on the valley-side. Over Eighty-five different types of vascular plant species have been recorded in the area, including thirty-one ancient woodland indicators. As well, it features areas of the valley mire, heathland and acidic grassland.
Grass Wood is an ancient woodland of 88 hectares (220 acres) in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England, that has an exceptional ground flora of woodland wildflowers. The area was notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1955 for upland broadleaved woodland. [ 1 ]
Ancient woodland on Inchmahome island in Scotland. In the United Kingdom, ancient woodland is that which has existed continuously since 1600 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (or 1750 in Scotland). [1] [2] The practice of planting woodland was uncommon before those dates, so a wood present in 1600 is likely to have developed naturally. [3]
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This wood is ash and maple on heavy clay soils, with much of it being ancient and having diverse flora and fauna as a result. Another area, which was probably cultivated until around 1350, has medieval ridge and furrow. It has a number of wild service trees, which are uncommon and an indicator of ancient woodland. [4] There is access from ...