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If he go farther, and, after an investigation into the nature and reach of human knowledge, ending in the conclusion that the existence of God is incapable of proof, cease to believe in it on the ground that he cannot know it to be true, he is an agnostic and also an atheist, an agnostic-atheist—an atheist because an agnostic."
Gödel's ontological proof is a formal argument by the mathematician Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) for the existence of God. The argument is in a line of development that goes back to Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109).
For much of his career Flew was an advocate of atheism, arguing that one should presuppose atheism until empirical evidence suggesting the existence of a God surfaces. [2] [3] [4] He also criticised the idea of life after death, [5] the free will defence to the problem of evil, [6] and the meaningfulness of the concept of God. [7]
The Proof of the Truthful [1] (Arabic: برهان الصديقين, romanized: burhān al-ṣiddīqīn, [2] also translated Demonstration of the Truthful [2] or Proof of the Veracious, [3] among others) is a formal argument for proving the existence of God introduced by the Islamic philosopher Avicenna (also known as Ibn Sina, 980–1037).
God, as a being that is maximally great, must hence exist necessarily. It is possible that (i.e. there is a possible world where) God, a maximally great being, exists. If God exists in that world, then, being maximally great, God exists in every world. Hence, God also exists in the actual world and does so with necessity. [45] [47]
Further treatments: In the Question of the Summa theologica: in Article I, Aquinas finds that the existence of God is not self-evident to humans. In Article II, he says that the approach of demonstration a posteriori can be used to go trace back to assert the a priori existence of God. Article III (i.e., the Five Ways) is a summary or ...
If there is a God who is always open to personal relationship with each human person, then no human person is ever non-resistantly unaware that God exists. If a perfectly loving God exists, then no human person is ever non-resistantly unaware that God exists (from 2 and 3). Some human persons are non-resistantly unaware that God exists.
[3] [5] Nonbelievers contend that atheism is a more parsimonious position than theism and that everyone is born without beliefs in deities; [6] therefore, they argue that the burden of proof lies not on the atheist to disprove the existence of gods but on the theist to provide a rationale for theism. [7]
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