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Though ancient Chinese, Indians, Egyptians and Mesopotamians are known to have studied the mathematical principles of sound, [2] the Pythagoreans (in particular Philolaus and Archytas) [3] of ancient Greece were the first researchers known to have investigated the expression of musical scales in terms of numerical ratios, [4] particularly the ratios of small integers.
In sum, it is clear that the Ancient Greeks conceived of a unified system with the tetrachord as the basic structure, but the octave as the principle of unification. Below is an elaboration of the mathematics that led to the logic of the system of tetrachords just described.
Ensemble Kérylos, a music group led by scholar Annie Bélis and dedicated to the recreation of ancient Greek and Roman music. Ensemble De Organographia, Music from the Ancient Greeks, 24 recordings on historical instruments from the documents published by Pöhlmann and West. Ancient Greek music at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Audio ...
The music of ancient Rome borrowed heavily from the music of the cultures that were conquered by the empire, including music of Greece, Egypt, and Persia. Music accompanied many areas of Roman life; including the military, entertainment in the Roman theater, religious ceremonies and practices, and "almost all public/civic occasions." [26] [27]
In ancient times Pythagoras was also noted for his discovery that music had mathematical foundations. Antique sources that credit Pythagoras as the philosopher who first discovered music intervals also credit him as the inventor of the monochord , a straight rod on which a string and a movable bridge could be used to demonstrate the ...
Anne Draffkorn Kilmer (1931 – 2023) was an American historian of the ancient Near East who served as a professor of Assyriology at the University of California, Berkeley. [1] She was an expert in ancient Mesopotamian culture, specifically Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform texts and the history of ancient music, games, and mathematics.
[88] [89] There is a long history of examining the relationships between music and mathematics. Though ancient Chinese, Egyptians and Mesopotamians are known to have studied the mathematical principles of sound, [90] the Pythagoreans (in particular Philolaus and Archytas) [91] of ancient Greece were the first researchers known to have ...
The legend is, at least with respect to the hammers, demonstrably false. It is probably a Middle Eastern folk tale. [2] These proportions are indeed relevant to string length (e.g. that of a monochord) — using these founding intervals, it is possible to construct the chromatic scale and the basic seven-tone diatonic scale used in modern music, and Pythagoras might well have been influential ...