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The extreme value of 37.1 psu is assumed to be a consequence of an increased degree of sea ice formation and export. This would account for the increased salinity, but would also account for the lack of oxygen isotopic fractionation; brine rejection without oxygen isotopic fractionation is thought to be highly characteristic of sea ice formation.
A typical salinity of first-year ice by the end of winter season is 4–6, while typical salinities of multiyear ice is 2–3. Snowmelt, surface flooding, and the presence of under-ice meltwater may affect sea-ice salinity. During the melt season, the only process of ice growth is related to the formation of false bottoms. [13]
As sea ice ages and thickens, the initial salinity of the ice decreases due to the rejection of brine over time. [1] While the sea ice ages, desalinization occurs to such a degree that some multiyear ice has a salinity of less than 1 PSU. [2] This occurs in three different ways:
A brinicle (brine icicle, also known as an ice stalactite) is a downward-growing hollow tube of ice enclosing a plume of descending brine that is formed beneath developing sea ice. As seawater freezes in the polar ocean, salt brine concentrates are expelled from the sea ice, creating a downward flow of dense, extremely cold, saline water , with ...
Brine volume fraction depends on sea-ice salinity and temperature, while sea-ice salinity mainly depends on ice age and thickness. During the ice growth period, its bulk brine volume is typically below 5%. [17] Air volume fraction during ice growth period is typically around 1–2 %, but may substantially increase upon ice warming. [18]
This below-sea ice forms through a process called brine rejection. [1] For deep-sea brine pools, salt is necessary to increase the salinity gradient. The salt can come from one of two processes: the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics [2] or geothermally-heated brine issued from tectonic spreading centers. [3]
Ice has a semi-liquid surface layer; When you mix salt onto that layer, it slowly lowers its melting point.. The more surface area salt can cover, the better the chances for melting ice.. Ice ...
This layer blocks heat transfer from the warmer, deeper levels into the sea ice, which has considerable effect on its thickness. About 150 m (490 ft) of steeply rising salinity and increasing temperature. This is the actual halocline. The deep layer with nearly constant salinity and slowly decreasing temperature. [6]