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A 1912 illustration of the Bonnot Gang stealing an automobile in the Forest of Senart. Illustration of the robbery of Société Générale Bank in Chantilly on 25 March 1912 The Bonnot Gang ( La Bande à Bonnot ), or The Tragic Bandits ( Les Bandes Tragiques ), was a French criminal anarchist group that operated in France and Belgium during the ...
The fragile anarchist movement developed in India was more non-statist, rather than anti-statist. [204] Anarchism travelled to the Eastern Mediterranean along with other radical secular ideas in the cosmopolitan Ottoman Empire. Under the spell of Errico Malatesta, a group of Egyptian anarchists imported anarchism to Alexandria. It was in a ...
Individualist anarchism is a set of several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasise the individual and their will over any kinds of external determinants. [102] Early influences on individualist forms of anarchism include William Godwin , Max Stirner , and Henry David Thoreau .
In Chile, anarchist Resistance Societies and "Mancomunales" organised a series of strikes, but were violently repressed by the government. In Peru, anarchist trade unions organised a number of general strikes which achieved the eight-hour day. Anarchist trade unions were also established in Bolivia, Ecuador and Panama, among other countries. [61]
Anarcho-pacifism is a tendency within the anarchist movement which rejects the use of violence in the struggle for social change. [15] [82] The main early influences were the thought of Henry David Thoreau [15] and Leo Tolstoy while later the ideas of Mohandas Gandhi gained importance.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the first person to self-identify with the term "anarchist" and one of the first to redefine "anarchy" in a positive sense. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was the first person known to self-identify as an anarchist, adopting the label in order to provoke those that took anarchy to mean disorder. [53]
The Principles of Anarchism (c. 1890s) by Lucy Parsons; The Soul of Man under Socialism (1891) by Oscar Wilde; The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin; Anarchy Defended by Anarchists (1896) by Emma Goldman and Johann Most (1914–1984) Anarchism: From Theory to Practice (1965) by Daniel Guérin (1985–present) Listen, Anarchist! (1987 ...
Contemporary news coverage which emphasizes black bloc demonstrations has reinforced anarchism's historical association with chaos and violence; however, its publicity has also led more scholars to engage with the anarchist movement, although contemporary anarchism favours actions over academic theory.