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In a volcanic eruption, lava, volcanic bombs, ash, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent and fissure. While many eruptions only pose dangers to the immediately surrounding area, Earth's largest eruptions can have a major regional or even global impact, with some affecting the climate and contributing to mass extinctions.
The August eruption had an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6, and is one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history. The explosion was heard 3,110 kilometres (1,930 mi) away in Perth, Western Australia, and Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,800 kilometres (3,000 mi) away. [3]
eruption episode L 7 Phlegraean Fields: Campanian volcanic arc: Unknown 15.7 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 1.3 19.3 Green Pumice: 7 Long Island, PNG Bismarck Volcanic Arc 100 19.3 Kiau Ignimbrite 7 Zavaritzki Caldera: Simushir, Kuril Islands: 200 20 6 Rabaul: Bismarck Volcanic Arc >10 21 Kulau Ignimbrite 6 Menengai
On June 15, 1991, a rumbling Mount Pinatubo grew and grew until it exploded in the biggest volcanic eruption on Earth in 100 years. Super-pressurized, gas-charged magma burst through and a cloud ...
1631 eruption of Mount Vesuvius: 3,000 Ritter Island: 2 Papua New Guinea: 1888 1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami: 2,957 Mount Papandayan: 3 Indonesia: 1772 [5] 2,942 Mount Lamington: 4 Papua New Guinea: 1951 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington: 2,806 Mount Awu: 3 Indonesia: 1856 [6] 2,033 Oshima Oshima: 4 Japan: 1741 1741 eruption of Oshima ...
On 15 July 1815, Mount Tambora, a volcano on the island of Sumbawa in present-day Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies), erupted in what is now considered the most powerful volcanic eruption in recorded human history. [2] This eruption, with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 7, ejected 37–45 km 3 (8.9–10.8 cubic miles) of dense ...
With an estimated Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 6, [2] the eruption was equivalent to 200 megatons of TNT (840 PJ)—about 13,000 times the nuclear yield of the Little Boy bomb (13 to 16 kt) that devastated Hiroshima, Japan, during World War II, and four times the yield of Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated at 50 ...
The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau in Indonesia saw an eruption on 22 December 2018 which caused a deadly tsunami, with waves surging up to five meters in height. The tsunami killed at least 437 ...